The global coronavirus pandemic has had an impact on the socio-economic development of the world. The article assesses the economic growth in the EAEU member States for 2020. Specific features of the development of the Union's economies are defined. Recommendations for increasing the rate of economic growth are formulated.

The current article discusses the distinction between affective valence—the degree to which an affective response represents pleasure or displeasure—and semantic valence, the degree to which an object or event is considered positive or negative. To date, measures that reflect positivity and negativity are usually placed under the same conceptual umbrella (e.g., valence, affective, emotional), with minimal distinction between the modes of valence they reflect. Recent work suggests that what might seem to reflect a monolithic structure of valence has at least (...) two different, confounding underlying sources, affective and semantic, that are fundamentally distinct, dissociable, and that obey different, recognizable rules. The current work discusses this distinction and provides implications for affective science from both the theoretical and the empirical perspective. (shrink)

Source: Author: Oksana Gorbanyova The purpose of this study is to analyse the effectiveness of using interactive technologies in the process of teaching a foreign language at a higher educational institution. The principal result of our research is the analysis of the influence of using interactive techniques on acquiring communicative competence and personal development. The major conclusions estimate the significance of applying interactive technologies in learning process. ]]>.

In the Theaetetus Socrates provides an elaboration and discussion of Protagoras’ measure doctrine, grounding it in a “secret doctrine” of flux. This paper argues that the anthropology of the myth in the Protagoras provides an earlier, very different way to explain the measure doctrine, focusing on its application to civic values, such as “just,” “fine,” and “pious.” The paper shows that Protagoras’ explanation of the dual etiology of virtue – that it is acquired both by nature and by nurture – (...) tracks the two meanings of “anthropos” in his formulation of the measure doctrine, as “humankind” and “individual human.” On Protagoras’ account, humankind’s survival can be explained by the fact that humans share shame and justice, which enables them to live together in cities. (shrink)

У статті аналізується питання розколу українського православ'я з акцентом на політичну складову цього процесу. Співіснування трьох юрисдикцій православної церкви цілком може сприйматися як невід'ємна складова функціонування світської держави, натомість у випадку України це стало однією з найнагальніших проблем у процесі становлення держави. Автор пов'язує такий стан речей, зокрема, із процесом медіатизації, який, будучи яскраво представлений у релігійній сфері, створює умови для широкого обговорення окресленого питання.

In today's world, with extraordinary force, such religious functions as axiological, moral-regulative, ideological and compensatory are actualized. In the process of successive secularization, the influence of religion on human communities and their way of world perception, world outlook and life significantly decreased. The gradual differentiation of the forms of social consciousness has led to the fact that religions in its variations of different confessions and traditions of expression, the segment of moral and spiritual influence on humanity was left to guard. (...) And such a situation was considered justified and expedient, especially given the harm that human communities have been making attempts to religiously legitimize a purely political decision of specific individual policy makers. Abuse of religion to cover private economic or political interests has led to negative consequences in public life, and sometimes in wars and extremism. However, with the beginning of the 21st century and the event of discrediting contemporary secular values-not-motivated regulatory forms of organization of social reality, it becomes apparent that religions have not exhausted their socio-regulatory potential. (shrink)

The article analyzes the student's period of Sydor Holubovych in the context of social and political processes taking place among Western students of the late nineteenth century. Found out its role in the political life in the Ruthenian-Ukrainian Radical Party (RURP). In particular, we show students influential political force, which played an important role in the ideological evolution RURP. Noted S. Holubovych part in the activities of students society of "Academic Fraternity". Detail highlights the process of organizational development students' society (...) of "Academic Community", the peculiarities of cultural, educational and social work during the presidency of S. Holubovych. The role of the community in educating highly qualified professionals and the formation of their active citizenship. (shrink)

Transportation companies which operate in risk conditions need the organization and management of the system of economic security. Ensuring adequate economic security in activities of transportation companies is one of the main management tasks because the efficiency of operation of the business depends on it. Development and implementation of a system of evaluation the level of economic security of the transportation companies, adequate to modern market conditions, enhances the efficiency of transportation companies. Based on analysis of the literature, there are (...) a number of approaches to the assessment of the economic security on the enterprise, in particular, resource, task, complex and so on. Methodological approach to the evaluation of the economic security of the transportation companies on the sources of threats is proposed. The sources and causes of threats, risks and effects of realized risk indicators for the economic security of the transportation companies are identified according to the proposed methodological approach to the evaluation of the economic security. Assessment indicators may vary depending on the realized risk. A flexible system of indicators that includes absolute and relative figures are formed for making management decisions on the basis of the proposed evaluation of the economic security of the transportation companies indicators. Absolute figures are estimated in the dynamics and are analyzed on the structure. Relative figures are formed as the ratio of the corresponding absolute index to the value either volume of traffic, or the number of rolling stock, or the number of employees, or the cost of resources and so on. Threats significantly affect the level of economic security, create the need for efficient internal threats management, and mechanisms of adaptation to external threats in the system of economic safety of the transportation companies. This allows the transportation companies to ensure effective management decisions to minimize or avoid the impact of threats on the activities of transportation companies, and thus to achieve a high level of economic security. (shrink)

The article explores the influence of Kantian and Neo-Kantian philosophy on a prominent philosopher and educator, Yevhen Vasyliovych Spektorskyi’s (1875–1951) views regarding the nature and methodology of social sciences. First, it explores Spektorskyi’s consideration of Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) as a philosopher of science, emphasizing the critical aspect of his philosophy and its significant prospects for ethics and social philosophy. Next, it investigates how Spektorskyi became acquainted with and was influenced by Neo-Kantian philosophy, especially the Marburg school. The main problem through (...) the lens of which Spektorskyi analyzed their achievements was the idea of “pure” ethics as a firm foundation for social science, while criticizing Herman Cohen (1842–1918) for claiming this foundation to lie in jurisprudence. Despite being an adherent of the Baden school, Bohdan Kistiakivskyi (1868–1920) presented views that were quite similar to Spektorskyi’s regarding the exceptional status and methods of social science. The emphasis on logical procedures and the need for rational discussion allows us to draw a parallel between Spektorskyi and the development of Kantian ideas in the 20th-century communicative philosophy. The justification of the “moral” sciences led Spektorskyi to criticize the Baden Neo-Kantians, advocating for the moral nature of social sciences and their importance in constructing social reality. The project of rational social science aimed at governance and politics is reminiscent of Kant’s “anthroponomy”. (shrink)

The article deals with the study of specific aspects of daily life of management and ordinary workers of the Ukrainian police at the mid 1920's based on the much-discussed in the press "Kievcase". This case was about systematic bribery in Ukrainian police (in modern language - about corruption). In this way we have detected the conditions, causes and mechanisms of the corruption that matter for the modern study of this phenomenon.

Oxana Timofeeva's The History of Animals: A Philosophy is an original and ambitious treatment of the "animal question". While philosophers have always made distinctions between human beings and animals, Timofeeva imagines a world free of such walls and borders. Timofeeva shows the way towards the full acceptance of our animality; an acceptance which does not mean the return to our animal roots, or anything similar. The freedom generated by this acceptance operates through negativity; is an effect of the rejection of (...) the very core of metaphysical philosophy and Christian culture, traditionally opposed to our 'animal' nature and seemingly detached from it. (shrink)

Oksana Horkusha’s article «The World Outlook function of religion and church identity: challenges in the contempopary coordinates of Ukrainian reality» analyzes the world outlook functioning of churches in the events of modern Ukraine. The rhetoric and the activity of church institutions are explored, on the basis of which the 3 levels of perception of reality are distinguished: 1) global 2) "Russko-mirovsky" 3) Ukrainian. Given the characteristic of each of them.

У статті розглядаються погляди на феномен релігії представника наукової думки ХІХ століття М. І. Костомарова, якого частіше презентують як історика, упускаючи важливі для української науки сторони його творчості. Прикладом такого стану речей є його релігієзнавчий спадок, який досі залишається маловивченим й аспекти якого слід розглядати в контексті світової релігієзнавчої думки. За творами М. І. Костомарова встановлено розуміння ним сутності релігії, зіставлено ідеї дослідника з поглядами представників релігієзнавства й виявлено, що деякі з них передували ідеям, розвинутим релігієзнавчою думкою в майбутньому.

This article considers the ethical dimension of technological science (technoscience), namely, the problem of the applicability of the categories of ‘good’ and ‘evil’ to the functioning of new technologies. Aspects of evil brought about by the introduction of new technologies (i.e. lack/scarcity of resources, devaluation of human labour, ignorance of/inability to use technical tools, violations of the measure and harmony of life, etc.) are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to a new form of evil, namely artificial/technological evil. The article argues (...) that the emergence of such evils is associated with the growing scale of human intervention in the natural course of things and with recent advances in technology. Dangers related to the uncontrolled development of technological science along many axes of human existence are analysed. The authors conclude that overcoming artificial evil is possible via a transition from a man-made to an anthropogenic (intellectual and humanistic) form of civilisation in which the achievements of technoscience serve not the self-destruction of mankind but the discovery of essential human forces. (shrink)

When we turn to N.S. Gavrilova, our attention is attracted by the fact that all the topics in which she carried out scientific research, had a sign of "modernity". This is the first topic of his dissertation research - "Religious consciousness of contemporary students in the context of ideological pluralism " and a scientific monograph. Of course, the choice of the subject of the candidate research largely and for a long time determines any scientific research and reflection of the researcher, (...) who seems to fall into the enchanted circle of specific subject-methodological attraction. That modernity has not accidentally marked the scientific work of this young religious scholar. (shrink)

The author responds to the article by L. Fylypovych "Does Contemporary Ukrainian Religious Studies have a Strategy for Survival and Development?", where she gives her recommendations for overcoming the crisis in humanities in general and in religious studies in particular.

In article describes the mechanism provide the economic security on the base of combination marketing and State economic regulation levers control this process.

У статті на основі широкого кола історичної літератури та джерел висвітлено розвиток нафтогазової промисловості Прикарпаття й становлення її науково-технічного потенціалу, досягнення, тенденції, перспективи. Автор доводить, що провідне місце в широкому колі національних і галузевих вузів заслужено посів вищий технічний навчальний заклад - Івано-Франківський інститут нафти і газу, де проводилися ґрунтовні наукові дослідження та навчання майбутніх спеціалістів країни.

У статті розглядається перша магістерська дисертація М. І. Костомарова "Про причини і характер унії в Західній Росії" як унікальний твір, у якому вперше центральною проблемою для автора стала народна історія. Проаналізовано дійсні причини ліквідації дисертації і її наукове значення. Переглянуто зміст твору й основні проблеми, котрі не досліджувалися науковцями раніше.

The article is dedicated to analyzing the nature of genius in the context of the development of fiction about artists. From the biographies of the famous Renaissance artists by G. Vasari, who made one of the first attempts at chronicling the lives of geniuses of his time, to modern fictionalized biographies of genius artists – we can trace the desire of writers to comprehend the nature of the artists and sculptors’ genius. The foundation of the concept of genius can be (...) found in Immanuel Kant’s works, which synthesized theories developed previously and influenced the understanding of genius by future generations. The paper analyses the consonance of Kant’s aesthetics with the concept of genius in fictionalized biographies of F. Goya, M. Bashkirtseva, V. van Gogh, P. Gauguin, O. Novakivskyi, K. Bilokur, P. Picasso, V. Tsymbal, S. Karaffa-Korbut and other artists, while focusing on the Ukrainian texts of the 20th–early 21st centuries. The research attempts to single out and analyze elements of conceptualizing the notion of genius in novels, including the concepts of the beautiful and the sublime in art, recognition of genius in society, the gender aspect of genius, the issues of heredity, and others. The representation of the image of genius in visual arts, iconography, and the cult of genius are discussed within an intermedial framework. The research relies on literary and art criticism methodology and comparative and intermedial studies. (shrink)

Human cholinesterase has recently been sequenced and cloned. It is a glycoprotein of 4 identical subunits, each subunit containing 9 carbohydrate chains and 3.5 disulfide bonds. Protein folding is likely to be very similar in human cholinesterase and Torpedo acetylcholinesterase. The cholinesterases have no significant sequence homology with the serine proteases and seem to belong to a separate serine esterase family.

У статті на основі аналізу фрагментів з листів червоноармійців, зроблених співробітниками Державного політичного управління (ДПУ) в рамках практики перлюстрації, реконструйовані окремі аспекти сприйняття червоноармійцями навколишньої дійсності, політики та ідеології нової влади, свого місця в новому суспільстві і його соціальній структурі. Зокрема простежуються результати активної антирелігійної кампанії, прагнення більшовиків у процесі ідеологічного впливу на червоноармійців зв'язати в їх свідомості релігію з пригніченням, владою буржуазних класів. Зафіксована і зворотна реакція самих червоноармійців: від високого рівня засвоєння ідеологем, до сумнівів і неприйняття їх.

The article describes the features of the relationship between Soviet power and engineering specialists, who was working in senior positions in factories and mines of theDonbasin the early 1920's. Interaction between professionals and the new government in that time was inconsistent and compromised. On the one hand, technical specialist received significant preferences and opportunities, regardless of their relationship to the Soviet authorities. This decision was based on the rational considerations about the impossibility of restoring the destroyed industry ofDonbasonly by party (...) instructions, without relying on a professional understanding of the fundamental aspects of the industry. On the other hand, the local party members, their leaders and the working class began pressure on the specialist, because they not understood the rationalist motivation of power and evaluated this policy as a betrayal of conquests of the revolution. The article presents a previously unknown secret document, which demonstrates that in the early 1920's the Soviet authorities in their policy in theDonbasmade a bid for the segmentation of the group of engineering specialists. "Sovietization" of professionals should be the result of internal contradictions and competition in mid group. In the same document founded the practice of detailed surveillance specialists. Later this information about specialists was used as the base for charges during the "spetseedovskie" processes at the late 1920's -1930's. (shrink)

The author emphasizes the leading role of Kant's philosophy and neo-Kantianism in spreading the theory of natural law on Ukrainian territory. The article emphasizes that the idea of natural law was considered in the circles of the Ukrainian intelligentsia as a component of the general system of idealistic views. The intelligentsia was critical of positive law and called for the correction of its defects with the help of moral goals. The author compares rationalist and religious-ethical approaches to issues of ethical (...) origin and natural human rights. (shrink)

Ukrainian national pedagogy in its development was based on the organic combination of national and Christian ideals. Christian humanity was the norm of interpersonal, interethnic, and everyday social existence of our people. Modern Ukrainian society needs spiritual rehabilitation, which is obviously only possible in the interaction of four fundamental factors: state, church, education system and family. Today it is right to mention the outstanding Ukrainian educator G.Vaschenko, who insisted, first of all, on the implementation of the principle of educational education, (...) which should go under the slogan "service to God and the Motherland", and therefore it is necessary to ensure the unity of national and Christian ideals in the present being of the titular nation. The words of the Ukrainian enlightener A.Richinsky sound like a bitter prophecy: "The result of spiritual fatigue is that the life of the people becomes too materialistic, with the decline of national shrines and unifying ideology, everyone cares only about private interest, the provision of material well-being, feeling already unable to dream about the higher ideals of the nation ". It is the religious worldview that gives a believer a certain amount of values ​​through which he solves the question of the meaning of his existence, his attitude to the world, to the state in which he lives. (shrink)

У статті здійснено спробу відповісти на питання, у чому причина суперечливих оцінок філософських ідей о. Гаврила Костельника дослідниками, та з’ясувати філософський контекст його творчості. З’ясовано, що в історії вивчення творчої спадщини Г. Костельника традиційно склалися кілька позицій у визначенні його філософських поглядів. Згідно з першою, Костельника вважають неотомістом (М. Олексюк, І. Мірчук,), який звертається до досягнень позитивізму (І. Мірчук): згідно з другою, – представником української гілки Львівсько-Варшавської школи (С. Іваник); згідно з третьою – модерністом (о. О. Гірник). У першому випадку (...) для Олексюка визначальним була теза про те, що неотомізм вважався офіційною філософією католицької церкви. Спільним для Олексюка та Мірчука було визнання прагнення Костельника у своїй творчості поєднати віру та науку. Однак пристосування католицького вчення до сучасного рівня науки було характерне і для представників католицького модернізму, а тому не є переконливим доказом визнання філософських ідей мислителя як неотомістських. У другому випадку застосування методу К. Твардовського в одній із праць Костельника свідчить про його наукове зацікавлення логікою як граматикою мислення, необхідною для ведення наукових дискусій. Найбільш аргументованою є позиція о. О. Гірника. Він визначає погляди Костельника як модерністські, однак, не робить висновків про те, під впливом чиїх філософських ідей формувалася думка мислителя. Аналіз творчості Г. Костельника дає змогу припустити, що його погляди формувалися під впливом ідей А. Бергсона. Оскільки праці Бергсона, як католицького модерніста, вносилися в індекс заборонених праць, то Костельник не міг прямо посилатися на погляди філософа. Та Костельник не в усьому наслідує Бергсона. Для українського мислителя бергсоніанство – це перемога ідеалізму над матеріалізмом, тоді як сам Бергсон вважав, що його філософія долає як ідеалізм, так і матеріалізм. Зацікавлення Костельника науковими відкриттями свідчить про прагнення знайти аргументи на користь релігії. Елементи позитивізму, які можна знайти у творчості мислителя, належать до опосередкованих бергсоніанством першої та другої його позицій. В цілому Г. Костельник був ліберальним католиком. Його релігійна філософія була апологією досвіду, інтуїтивізму, віталізму, ідеалізму, критикою матеріалізму на основі сучасних йому фізики та біології. (shrink)

In the article, the author substantiates the thesis that the study of the historiography of early Neo-Thomism is extremely important for research on the history of its Ukrainian branch and, accordingly, the creation of its Ukrainian historiography. Early Neotomism is a significant stage in the development of Neotomism. Under its influence, Ukrainian neo-Thomists Andrei Sheptytsky, J. Slipyj, and M. Konrad formed their views. Its study is an important part of the historiography of Ukrainian Neo-Thomism. The study of early Neo-Thomism helps (...) not only to objectively assess the views of Ukrainian Neo-Thomists, but also to distinguish the views of thinkers who do not belong to it, as in the case of H. Kostelnyk. The historiography of the issue includes not only the works of Ukrainian thinkers and studies devoted to their views, but also the sources of Neotomism, the works of foreign Neotomists, and studies that help to reconstruct the inherent context of the ideas of the representatives of the movement in Ukraine. The most important of these types of works are the encyclicals of the Popes and documents of the Church, the works of Neo-Thomist philosophers, and the achievements of researchers of this period. They help to recreate the context and clarify the features of early Neo-Thomism. The main one is objective idealism, which is used to criticise subjectivism in philosophy. The next feature is the reference not directly to the works of Thomas Aquinas, but to the encyclicals of the Popes, Church documents, and the works of famous Neo-Thomists. Thus, the absence of direct references to St Thomas is not a reason to think that a thinker cannot be a Neotomist. The study of early Neo-Thomism is an important part of the historiography of Ukrainian Neo-Thomism. His research will make it possible not only to objectively assess the views of Ukrainian neo-Thomists, but also to distinguish the views of thinkers who do not belong to it. As a result, it can be argued that the study of the historiography of early neo-Thomism is extremely important for research on the history of its Ukrainian branch and, accordingly, for the creation of the historiography of the issue. (shrink)

A detailed analysis of psycho-pedagogical, methodological and linguistic sources in the article has allowed one to justify and build a holistic model of developing communicative professional competence in economics students. This author’s model includes the interrelated components of communicative professional activities, criteria for their assessment and levels of communicative professional competence in economics students. The following pedagogical conditions have been presented in the context of the research: modelling probable professional communicative situations in the educational process; ensuring communicative professional orientation of (...) information and communication technologies; strengthening the subjective position of students during communicative professional training. Their effective use in the educational process contributes to developing the motivational sphere of students, improving their knowledge of languages ​​and other academic courses, enhancing their abilities to apply the obtained knowledge in practice and adequately assess themselves as specialists. The international relevance of the article lies in offering guidelines for educational institutions that strive to enhance the educational processes in a postmodern society. (shrink)

In the Article of Oksana Shepetyak "Statistical Analysis of the Relationship between the Numbers of Christian Churches of the Middle East"is analyzed the modernity of the Christians communities in their historical regions and tendency in their development. The diversity of Eastern Christianity requires a broad and multifaceted study. Most researchers focus on the history of formation, theological and liturgical aspects, and contemporaneity. This study is devoted to the comparison of only statistics, which, however, reveal an entirely new picture of (...) the Christian East. The comparison of the number of believers in the Eastern Churches shows that the Oriental non-orthodox churches dominate in the Alexandrian tradition, while the Eastern Catholic Churches predominate in the East Syrian and Western-Syrian tradition. Instead, the Churches of the Byzantine tradition in the Middle East turned into small religious communities. (shrink)

The article considers the issue of chnging the main anthropic characteristics of a human under the influence of the rapid development of the latest technologies. Such changes cause the need to revise the usual interpretation of the concept of ‘human’, which is gradually being substituted by the currently popular concepts of ‘trans-’ and ‘post-human’. These concepts are favourably perceived by the techno-optimists, who believe that the latest technologies will allow us to create people who will be physically, intellectually and spiritually (...) superior to the people of today, although they admit that this may lead to greater social inequality. The article states that the post-human potential is too ambiguous to clearly outline it. On the one hand, it opens up unprecedented possibilities, which can be considered the highest manifestation of human freedom, i.e. the ability to model a person according to one’s vision. On the other – there is a real threat to human existence itself, namely, the danger of technological capture of the potential for human improvement. Therefore, the task of the article is to outline the possible prospects for the formation and improvement of modern human identity under the conditions of its combination with the other, non-human species and the latest technologies. This is possible under the condition of acceptance of new possibilities for the post-human as the liberating force that overcomes the negativity and limitations of human nature. The comparative method and the method of analysis were used in the article. (shrink)

ABSTRACTPeople sometimes report both pleasant and unpleasant feelings when presented with affective stimuli. However, what is reported as “mixed emotions” might reflect semantic knowledge about the...

The article by Oksana Horkusha “Interconfessional dialogue in modern Ukraine: impulses, conditions, purpose, subjects, levels of understanding” analyzes the motives, conditions, goals, subjects and levels of understanding of the interconfessional dialogue in contemporary Ukraine. Interconfessional dialogue cannot have a purpose in itself. Different confessions reach agreement only in the process of such dialogue, which are carried out by mutually viable actors who have a common goal, are in the same cultural-historical context, a definite problem, for the solution of which (...) is used by adequate dialogue platforms, methods and instruments. (shrink)